Mobile Phone Repair Basics Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsComplete Course on Cell Phones [Link].
com
BASIC CELL PHONE ELECTRONICS
Before starting to repair mobile phones, we must recognize the basic electronic components.
what the cell phones bring, this will help us diagnose the failures that the cell phone presents, the
which you must recognize:
PASSIVE DEVICES
Resistance
Capacitors
Spools
Transformers It is not found on the cell phone's plate.
ACTIVE DEVICES
Diodes
LED diodes
Transistors
Integrated
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FUNDAMENTALS
Electronics is the branch of physics and specialization of the
engineering, which studies and employs systems whose functioning
is based on the conduction and control of microscopic flow of
the electrons or other electrically charged particles.
It uses a wide variety of knowledge, materials and
devices, from semiconductors to valves
thermionic. The design and construction of circuits
electronics to solve practical problems is part of
electronics and the fields of electronic engineering,
electromechanics and computer science in software design for
its control. The study of new semiconductor devices
and its technology is often considered a branch of physics, more specifically in the branch of
materials engineering.
In order to repair cell phones, we must know the different components that the circuits have.
ELECTRIC CURRENT
It is the flow of free electrons that flow through a conductor or semiconductor in one direction.
The unit of measurement is the Volt (V). There are also direct or alternating currents, depending on
of the type of voltage used to generate these current flows.
ALTERNATING CURRENT
It is called alternating current (abbreviated as AC in Spanish and
AC in English, from Alternating Current) to electric current
in which the magnitude and direction vary cyclically. The
the most commonly used waveform of alternating current
it is used as that of a sinusoidal wave, since it is achieved
a more efficient transmission of energy.
Used generically, CA refers to the way in which the
How electricity reaches homes and businesses. Without
embargo, the audio and radio signals transmitted through electrical cables are also examples
of alternating current. In these uses, the most important end is usually the transmission and recovery of
the encoded (or modulated) information about the AC signal.
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DIRECT CURRENT
Direct current (DC)
Direct Current is the continuous flow of electrons through
a conductor between two points of different potential. A
difference of alternating current (AC in Spanish, AC in English)
In direct current, electric charges flow.
always in the same direction (that is, the terminals of
the greater and lesser potential are always the same). Although the current is commonly identified
it continues with the constant current (for example, that supplied by a battery), it is
It is a continuous current that always maintains the same polarity.
PASSIVE DEVICES
RESISTANCE
Electrical resistance is referred to as the difficulty or opposition that presents a
body to the passage of an electric current to flow through it. In the
International System of Units, its value is expressed in ohms, which is
designa con la letra griega omega mayúscuΩl.a,Para su medida existen
various methods, including the use of an ohmmeter.
On cell phones, we can identify them by their black color and a number.
above or the letter k as shown in the following image.
CAPACITORS
A capacitor is a device that stores
electric energy is a passive component. It is made up of a pair of
conductive surfaces in a situation of total influence (that is, that
all the electric field lines that start from one end up at the
another), usually in the form of tables, spheres, or sheets, separated by
a dielectric material (being this used in a capacitor to
reduce the electric field, as it acts as an insulator) or by vacuum,
that, subjected to a potential difference (p.d.), acquire a certain electric charge,
positive on one plate and negative on the other (with the total stored charge being zero).
The charge stored on one of the plates is proportional to the potential difference between them.
plate and the other, with the constant of proportionality being the so-called capacitance or capacity. In the
The international system of units is measured in Farads (F), with 1 farad being the capacity of a
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capacitor in which, subjected to a voltage of 1 volt, its plates acquire a charge
electric of 1 coulomb.
To recognize capacitors in cell phones, they are generally brown in color or like
shown in the above image.
COILS
An inductor or coil is a passive component of an electrical circuit that, due to the phenomenon of
auto-induction stores energy in the form of a magnetic field.
On cell phones, they can only be found in the following brands, Nokia, Sony Ericsson, are the
light coils as shown in the following image.
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Transformers
A transformer is called an electrical machine that allows increasing or decreasing the voltage in
an alternating current electrical circuit, maintaining the frequency. The power that enters the
team, in the case of an ideal transformer, that is, without losses, is equal to that obtained at the
output. The real machines show a small percentage of losses, depending on their design,
size, etc.
Transformers are devices based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction and
they are made up, in their simplest form, of two coils wound around a closed core of
sweet iron or silicon iron. The coils or windings are referred to as primary and secondary according to
correspond to the input or output of the system in question, respectively. There are also
transformers with more windings; in this case, there may be a 'tertiary' winding, of lesser
tension than the secondary.
There are no transformers directly in the cell phone circuit, only in the chargers.
ACTIVE DEVICES
DIODES
A diode (from Greek: two paths) is a device
semiconductor that allows the flow of current
electric in one direction with features
similar to a switch. In a simplified way, the
The characteristic curve of a diode (I-V) consists of two
regions: below a certain potential difference,
it behaves like an open circuit (does not conduct), and
above her like a closed circuit with a
very low electrical resistance.
Due to this behavior, they are often referred to as
rectifiers, as they are devices capable of
suppress the negative part of any signal, such as
initial step to convert an alternating current into
direct current. Its operating principle is based on the experiments of Lee De
Forest.
In mobile phones, we can find LED diodes in the keyboard lights and some diodes.
rectifiers on the board or in the charging stage of the motorola. We will recognize it because one
On the sides of the weld, one side is longer or in some cases one side is lead or silver.
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TRANSISTORS
The transistor is a semiconductor electronic device that performs functions
of amplifier, oscillator, switch or rectifier. The term "transistor"
it is the contraction in English of transfer resistor.
They can currently be found in virtually all household appliances.
daily use: radios, televisions, recorders, audio and video players,
microwave ovens, washing machines, automobiles, refrigeration equipment,
alarms, quartz clocks, computers, calculators, printers, fluorescent lamps, equipment
X-rays, CT scanners, ultrasound machines, MP3 players, mobile phones, etc.
They are recognized by their shape, having three welding points, two on one end and one on the other side.
INTEGRATED
An integrated circuit (IC) is a small chip of semiconductor material, some
square millimeters of area, on which electronic circuits are generally manufactured using
photolithography and which is protected within a plastic or ceramic encapsulation. The encapsulation
It has appropriate metal conductors to make a connection between the chip and a printed circuit.
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